What is the difference between zopiclone and eszopiclone

Insomnia: Definition, Prevalence, Etiology, and Consequences. J Clin Sleep Med. Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders. An opportunity for prevention? JAMA: ; 11 , Ancoli-Israel S. The impact and prevalence of chronic insomnia and other sleep disturbances associated with chronic illness. The American journal of managed care. The diagnosis is essentially clinical and based primarily on a detailed medical history, with some additional tools for corroboration, such as sleep diaries, actigraphy and polysomnography.

The impact of insomnia on the quality of life of affected individuals has been widely studied. Drugs used to treat insomnia include hypnotics or sleep inducers as well as antidepressants with a sedative effect 8 8.

New guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of insomnia. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. Among hypnotics, sleep inducers with selective action on GABA-A receptors, such as zolpidem, zopiclone, eszopiclone and zaleplon are common 9 9. New drugs for insomnia: comparative tolerability of zopiclone, zolpidem and zaleplon. Drug Saf. Effectiveness of non-benzodiazepine hypnotics in treatment of adult insomnia: meta-analysis of data submitted to the Food and Drug Administration.

Eszopiclone, a stereoisomer of zopiclone, is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agent of the cyclopyrrolone family. Similar to zopiclone, eszopiclone is a synthetic compound shown to be effective in treating insomnia 11 An evaluation of the efficacy and safety of eszopiclone over 12 months in patients with chronic primary insomnia. Sleep Med. Sustained efficacy of eszopiclone over 6 months of nightly treatment: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in adults with chronic insomnia.

Nightly treatment of primary insomnia with eszopiclone for six months: effect on sleep, quality of life, and work limitations. The efficacy of eszopiclone has been proven in patients with insomnia associated with other comorbidities, such as a high degree of depression, generalized anxiety, rheumatoid arthritis, and sleep apnea, for which changes in sleep parameters are often observed 11 To date, there are no studies directly comparing the efficacy of eszopiclone and zopiclone.

However, in a study of a method for assessing dissipation of the residual hypnotic effects of both drugs, a post hoc parametric analysis of reciprocal-transformed data favored eszopiclone over racemic zopiclone 14 A method to assess the dissipation of the [corrected] residual effects of [corrected] hypnotics: eszopiclone versus zopiclone. J Clin Psychopharmacol. Approved by the Food and Drug Administration FDA, the North-American regulatory agency in , indications for eszopiclone in the treatment of insomnia are not limited to its short-term use, as its efficacy and safety have also been demonstrated in dosing studies of six to twelve month duration.

Patients with symptomatic insomnia for at least three months were recruited in different ways, largely via media and a patient database. Patients between 20 and 64 years old with complaints of insomnia were selected at a screening visit SV.

American Psychological Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 4th ed. Washington, D. An exception was with regard to the onset of symptoms because an onset of over three months was considered; thus, patients with chronic insomnia were included. Furthermore, initial polysomnography PSG performed no more than 90 days before the SV showing a total time of sleep of less than h was also considered a selection criterion.

The analysis included electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, electromyogram of muscles in the chin region and the anterior tibialis, respiratory sensors pressure cannula and thermistor , thoracic and abdominal belts, snoring and position sensors and oximetry. Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. ISI is calculated by adding the scores for each question, ranging from 0 to ISI was completed at BV, followed by randomization.

All volunteers were randomized in a ratio to receive zopiclone 7. The patients were evaluated at another two visits to the research site visit 1 and FV for medical history, physical examination and sleep diary evaluation; the use of concomitant drugs and frequency of adverse events were also assessed during these visits.

A second polysomnography was performed immediately before FV, after visit 1. The follow-up period for each patient lasted at least six weeks. Primary analysis of efficacy was achieved by evaluating the non-inferiority of eszopiclone in relation to zopiclone according to the ISI at the end of treatment. Secondary variables were sleep-related parameters obtained from nocturnal polysomnography and sleep-related data collected during clinical visits through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index PSQI questionnaire 18 The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research.

Hide glossary Glossary Study record managers: refer to the Data Element Definitions if submitting registration or results information. Search for terms. Save this study. Warning You have reached the maximum number of saved studies Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details. Last Update Posted : July 27, Study Description.

Detailed Description:. FDA Resources. Arms and Interventions. Eszopiclone - once a day 30 minutes before lying down to sleep for a period of 4 weeks of treatment. Zopiclone once a day 30 minutes before lying down to sleep for a period of 4 weeks of treatment. Zopiclone - once a day 30 minutes before lying down to sleep for a period of 4 weeks of treatment. Outcome Measures. The latency to persistent sleep will be used as a primary endpoint at the end of the treatment, measured by polysomnography.

Compared with placebo, Lunesta 3 mg was associated with next-morning psychomotor and memory impairment that was most severe at 7.

Subjective perception of sedation and coordination from Lunesta 3 mg was not consistently different from placebo, even though the subjects were objectively impaired. Lunesta 3 mg had an impairing effect almost as large as zopiclone 7. Zopiclone, which is not approved in the United States, causes consistent psychomotor impairment such that it is often used as a positive control in driving impairment studies.

Facts about eszopiclone A sedative-hypnotic sleep medicine used to treat insomnia in adults Marketed under the brand name Lunesta and also as generics In , there were approximately 3 million prescriptions dispensed and , patients who received a dispensed prescription for Lunesta eszopiclone from U. Additional Information for Patients Patients who take Lunesta eszopiclone and other medicines to help them sleep can experience decreased mental alertness the morning after use, even if they feel fully awake.

Lunesta can cause next-day impairment of driving and other activities that require full alertness. The recommended starting dose of Lunesta has been lowered to 1 mg from 2 mg, to be taken once each evening immediately before bedtime. The 1 mg dose can be increased to 2 mg or 3 mg if needed, but the higher doses are more likely to impair next-day driving and other activities that require full alertness. Elderly patients and patients with severe liver disease should not take doses of more than 2 mg.

If you are currently taking Lunesta, continue taking your prescribed dose and contact your health care professional to ask about the most appropriate dose for you. Each patient and situation is unique, and the appropriate dose should be discussed with your health care professional. Patients taking a 3 mg dose of Lunesta are cautioned against driving or engaging in other activities that are hazardous or require complete mental alertness the day after use.

Read the patient Medication Guide that comes with your Lunesta prescription. Take all insomnia medicines exactly as prescribed.